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Adobe Photoshop is a raster graphics editor developed and published by Adobe Inc. It was originally created in by Thomas and John Knoll. Since then, the software has become the industry standard not only in raster graphics editing, but in digital art as a whole. The software's name is often colloquially used as a verb e. In addition to raster graphics, Photoshop has limited abilities to edit or render text and vector graphics especially through clipping path for the latter , as well as 3D graphics and video.
Its feature set can be expanded by plug-ins ; programs developed and distributed independently of Photoshop that run inside it and offer new or enhanced features. Photoshop's naming scheme was initially based on version numbers.
However, in October following the introduction of Creative Suite branding , each new version of Photoshop was designated with " CS " plus a number; e. With the introduction of the Creative Cloud branding in June and in turn, the change of the " CS " suffix to " CC " , Photoshop's licensing scheme was changed to that of software as a service subscription model.
As of November , Adobe has also released a full version of Photoshop for the iPad , and while initially limited, Adobe plans to bring more features to Photoshop for iPad. Photoshop was developed in by two brothers Thomas and John Knoll , who sold the distribution license to Adobe Systems Incorporated in Thomas Knoll, a Ph.
Thomas took a six-month break from his studies in to collaborate with his brother on the program. Thomas renamed the program ImagePro, but the name was already taken. During this time, John traveled to Silicon Valley and gave a demonstration of the program to engineers at Apple and Russell Brown, art director at Adobe.
Both showings were successful, and Adobe decided to purchase the license to distribute in September Photoshop 1. The handling of color slowly improved with each release from Adobe and Photoshop quickly became the industry standard in digital color editing.
At the time Photoshop 1. The list price of Photoshop 1. Photoshop was initially only available on Macintosh. The Windows port led to Photoshop reaching a wider mass market audience as Microsoft 's global reach expanded within the next few years.
Photoshop files have default file extension as. PSD , which stands for " P hoto s hop D ocument". This is in contrast to many other file formats e.
JPG or. GIF that restrict content to provide streamlined, predictable functionality. A PSD file has a maximum height and width of 30, pixels, and a length limit of two gigabytes.
These formats are required to use the file in publications or on the web. Photoshop can also create and use files with the extension. PSB, which stands for "Photoshop Big" also known as "large document format". The dimension limit was apparently chosen arbitrarily by Adobe, not based on computer arithmetic constraints it is not close to a power of two, as is 30, but for ease of software testing.
Photoshop functionality can be extended by add-on programs called Photoshop plugins or plug-ins. Adobe creates some plugins, such as Adobe Camera Raw, but third-party companies develop most plugins, according to Adobe's specifications. Some are free and some are commercial software. Most plugins work with only Photoshop or Photoshop-compatible hosts, but a few can also be run as standalone applications.
There are various types of plugins, such as filter, export, import, selection, color correction, and automation. The most popular plugins are the filter plugins also known as a 8bf plugins , available under the Filter menu in Photoshop. Filter plugins can either modify the current image or create content. Below are some popular types of plugins, and some well-known companies associated with them:. Adobe Camera Raw also known as ACR and Camera Raw is a special plugin, supplied free by Adobe, used primarily to read and process raw image files so that the resulting images can be processed by Photoshop.
Upon loading Photoshop, a sidebar with a variety of tools with multiple image-editing functions appears to the left of the screen. These tools typically fall under the categories of drawing ; painting ; measuring and navigation ; selection ; typing ; and retouching.
These can be expanded to reveal similar tools. In some newer versions hovering along the tools gives a small Video glimpse of the tool. Photoshop includes a few versions of the pen tool. The pen tool creates precise paths that can be manipulated using anchor points. The free form pen tool allows the user to draw paths freehand, and with the magnetic pen tool, the drawn path attaches closely to outlines of objects in an image, which is useful for isolating them from a background.
The Clone Stamp tool duplicates one part of an image to another part of the same image by way of a brush. The duplication is either in full or in part depending on the mode. The user can also clone part of one layer to another layer.
The Clone Stamp tool is useful for duplicating objects or removing a defect in an image. Photoshop provides an array of shape tools including rectangles, rounded rectangles, ellipses, polygons and lines.
These shapes can be manipulated by the pen tool, direct selection tool etc. In addition, Photoshop provides its own shapes like animals, signs and plants. The eyedropper tool selects a color from an area of the image that is clicked, and samples it for future use. Selection tools are used to select all or any part of a picture to perform cut, copy, edit, or retouching operations. The crop tool can be used to select a particular area of an image and discard the portions outside the chosen section.
This tool assists in creating a focus point on an image and unnecessary or excess space. The crop tool is in the tools palette, which is located on the right side of the document. By placing the cursor over the image, the user can drag the cursor to the desired area. Once the Enter key is pressed, the area outside the rectangle will be cropped.
The area outside the rectangle is the discarded data, which allows for the file size to be decreased. The slice and slice select tools, like the crop tool, are used in isolating parts of images. The slice tool can be used to divide an image into different sections, and these separate parts can be used as pieces of a web page design once HTML and CSS are applied.
The move tool can be used to drag the entirety of a single layer or more if they are selected. Alternatively, once an area of an image is highlighted, the move tool can be used to manually relocate the selected piece to anywhere on the canvas. The marquee is a tool that can make selections that are a single row, single column, rectangular and elliptical. This tool can also crop an image; it allows for better control. In contrast to the crop tool, the marquee tool allows for more adjustments to the selected area before cropping.
The only marquee tool that does not allow cropping is the elliptical. Although the single row and column marquee tools allow for cropping, they are not ideal, because they only crop a line.
The rectangular marquee tool is the preferred option. Once the tool has been selected, dragging the tool across the desired area will select it. The selected area will be outlined by dotted lines, referred to as "marching ants".
To set a specific size or ratio, the tool options bar provides these settings. Before selecting an area, the desired size or ratio must be set by adjusting the width and height. Any changes such as color, filters, location, etc. To crop the selection, the user must go to the image tab and select crop. The lasso tool is similar to the marquee tool, however, the user can make a custom selection by drawing it freehand.
The regular lasso tool allows the user to have drawing capabilities. Photoshop will complete the selection once the mouse button is released. The user may also complete the selection by connecting the end point to the starting point. The "marching ants" will indicate if a selection has been made. The polygonal lasso tool will draw only straight lines, which makes it an ideal choice for images with many straight lines.
Unlike the regular lasso tool, the user must continually click around the image to outline the shape. To complete the selection, the user must connect the end point to the starting point just like the regular lasso tool.
Magnetic lasso tool are considered the smart tool. It can do the same as the other two, but it can also detect the edges of an image once the user selects a starting point. It detects by examining the color pixels as the cursor moves over the desired area. Closing the selection is the same as the other two, which should also should display the "marching ants" once the selection has been closed. The quick selection tool selects areas based on edges, similarly to the magnetic lasso tool. The difference between this tool and the lasso tool is that there is no starting and ending point.
For this reason, the selected area can be added onto as much as possible without starting over. By dragging the cursor over the desired area, the quick selection tool detects the edges of the image. The "marching ants" allow the user to know what is currently being selected. Once the user is done, the selected area can be edited without affecting the rest of the image.
One of the features that makes this tool especially user friendly is that the SHIFT key is not needed to add more to the selection; by default, extra mouse clicks will be added to the selection rather than creating a new selection. The magic wand tool selects areas based on pixels of similar values.
- Adobe illustrator cs5 arabic free
Rulers help you accurately place and measure objects in the illustration window or in an artboard. The point where 0 appears on each ruler is called the ruler origin. Illustrator provides separate rulers for documents and artboards. You can select only one of these rulers at a time. Global rulers appear at the top and left sides of the illustration window. The default ruler origin is located at the top-left corner of the illustration window.
Artboard rulers appear at the top and left sides of the active artboard. The default artboard ruler origin is located at the top-left corner of the artboard. The difference between artboard rulers and global rulers is that if you select artboard rulers, the origin point changes based on the active artboard.
In addition, you can have different origin points for artboard rulers. Now, if you change the artboard ruler origin, the pattern fills in objects on the artboards are not affected. The default origin point for the global ruler is at the upper-left corner of the first artboard and the default origin for the artboard rulers is at the top left corner of the respective artboard.
Artboard rulers appear by default, so the Change to Global Rulers option appears in the Rulers sub-menu. To change the ruler origin, move the pointer to the upper-left corner where the rulers intersect, and drag the pointer to where you want the new ruler origin. As you drag, a cross hair in the window and in the rulers indicates the changing global ruler origin. To restore the default ruler origin, double-click the upper-left corner where the rulers intersect. The coordinate system has now been switched to fourth quadrant, which was previously the first quadrant.
In Illustrator CS5, when you move downwards, the value of y-axis increases and if you move toward right, the value of x-axis increases. For saving to legacy versions of Illustrator, the Global rulers remain at the position set in legacy document.
Although, the origin point does not move to upper left, the coordinate system changes to fourth quadrant. The change in coordinate system and the ruler origin does not apply to scripting, which allows you to retain old scripts.
However, when you transform objects using scripting, the Y coordinate values differ from the values that you set in the Illustrator user interface.
The default unit of measurement in Illustrator is points a point equals. You can change the unit that Illustrator uses for general measurements, strokes, and type. You can override the default unit while entering values in boxes. Note : The General measurement option affects rulers, measuring the distance between points, moving and transforming objects, setting grid and guides spacing, and creating shapes.
Tip : When mixing picas and points, you can enter values as XpY, where X and Y are the number of picas and points for example, 12p6 for 12 picas, 6 points. Guides help you align text and graphic objects. You can create ruler guides straight vertical or horizontal lines and guide objects vector objects that you convert to guides. Like the grid, guides do not print.
You can choose between two guide styles—dots and lines—and you can change the color of guides by using either predefined guide colors or colors you select using a color picker. By default, guides are unlocked so that you can move, modify, delete, or revert them, but you can choose to lock them into place.
To restrict the guides to an artboard instead of the entire canvas, select the Artboard tool and drag the guides on to the artboard. When snapping to a point, the snapping alignment depends on the position of the pointer, not the edges of the dragged object. When the pointer comes within 2 pixels of an anchor point or guide, it snaps to the point.
When a snap occurs, the pointer changes from a filled arrowhead to a hollow arrowhead. They help you align, edit, and transform objects or artboards relative to other objects, artboards, or both by snap-aligning and displaying X, Y location, and delta values.
You can specify the type of smart guides and feedback that appear such as measurement labels, object highlighting, or labels by setting the Smart Guides preferences. When you create an object with the pen or shape tools, use the Smart Guides to position a new object's anchor points relative to an existing object.
Or, when you create a new artboard, use Smart Guides to position it relative to another artboard or an object. Specify these angles in the Smart Guides preferences. When you move an object or artboard, use the Smart Guides to align the selected object or artboard to other objects or artboards.
The alignment is based on the geometry of objects and artboards. Guides appear as the object approaches the edge or center point of other objects. You can change when and how Smart Guides appear by setting Smart Guides preferences. Alignment Guides. Displays guide lines that are generated along the center and edges of geometric objects, artboard, and bleeds. They are generated when you move objects and when you perform operations such as drawing basic shapes, using the Pen tool, and transforming objects.
Measurement Labels. Displays information for many tools such as Drawing tools and Text tools about the position of the cursor as you position the cursor over an anchor point.
When you press Shift with a drawing tool selected, the starting location appears. Object Highlighting. Highlights the object below the pointer as you drag around it. Transform Tools. Construction Guides. Displays guidelines as you draw new objects. You specify the angles at which you want guidelines drawn from the anchor points of a nearby object.
You can set up to six angles. The preview reflects your settings. Snapping Tolerance. Specifies the number of points the pointer must be from another object for Smart Guides to take effect. Use the Measure tool to calculate the distance between any two points and display the results in the Info panel. Select the Measure tool. Select and hold the Eyedropper tool to see it in the Tools panel. Click the first point and drag to the second point. The Info panel displays the horizontal and vertical distances from the x and y axes, the absolute horizontal and vertical distances, the total distances, and the angle measured.
The values for width and height are affected by the Use Preview Bounds option in the General preferences. When you use the Pen tool or Gradient tool, or when you move a selection, the Info panel displays the change in x W , the change in y H , the distance D , and the angle as you drag. When you use the Zoom tool, the Info panel displays the magnification factor and the x and y coordinates after you release the mouse button. When you use the Scale tool, the Info panel displays the percentage change in width W and height H and the new width W and height H after the scaling is complete.
When you use the Paintbrush tool, the Info panel displays the x and y coordinates and the name of the current brush. Select Show Options from the panel menu or click the double arrow on the panel tab to display values for the fill and stroke colors of the selected object and the name of any pattern, gradient, or tint applied to the selected object. Note : If you select multiple objects, the Info panel displays only the information that is the same for all selected objects.
Legal Notices Online Privacy Policy. Adobe Illustrator Features What's New. Buy now. User Guide Cancel. Use rulers. Note : Changing the global ruler origin affects the tiling of patterns. Change the unit of measurement.
If Show Asian Options is selected in the Type preferences, you can also select a unit specifically for Asian type. To change the unit of measurement when entering a value in a box, follow the value by any of the following abbreviations: inch, inches, in, millimeters, millimetres, mm, Qs one Q equals 0.
Use the grid. The grid appears behind your artwork in the illustration window. It does not print. Use guides. Create guides. Position the pointer on the left ruler for a vertical guide or on the top ruler for a horizontal guide.
Drag the guide into position. To make working with multiple guides easier, move them into a separate layer. Move, delete, or release guides. Do any of the following:. To move the guide, drag it or copy it. Snap objects to anchor points and guides.
Select the object you want to move, and position the pointer on the exact point you want to align with anchor points and guides. Drag the object to the desired location. Use Smart Guides. Smart Guides are on by default. Use Smart Guides in the following ways:.
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